what is the difference between lipoatrophy and lipodystrophy?


WHAT IS LIPOATROPHY?

LIPOATROPHY  is a  focal loss of subcutaneous fat with variable overlying skin changes and depth depending on the cause.




DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN  LIPOATROPHY AND LIPODYSTROPHY?

LIPODYSTROPHY   is abnormal fat distribution including both lipohypertrophy (fat accumulation) and lipoatrophy (fat wasting or loss), the body is unable to produce and maintain healthy fat tissue.

LIPOATROPHY  : usually  used when describing the loss of fat from one area 

WHAT ARE INJECTIONS WHICH MAY CAUSE LOCALIZED LIPOATROPHY ?

Most common
Insulin
• Non-human
human, insulin analogues
• Rarely, can occur at distant sites
Corticosteroids

Less common
Antibiotics
• Benzathine penicillin

• Amikacin
Immunomodulatory drugs
• Glatiramer acetate (multiple sclerosis)
• Methotrexate

Vaccines
• Diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus vaccine
• Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine
Growth hormone
Heparin
Iron dextran
Exogenous material

HOW TO TREAT STEROID INDUCED LIPOATROPHY?


Serial saline injections on a weekly basis are found to completely resolve the cosmetic effect of lipoatrophy within 4 to 8 weeks of the initial saline injection.


NORMAL SALINE MECHANISM OF ACTION IN STEROID INDUCED LIPOATROPHY?

Injecting saline where steroid crystals lie would put them back into suspension, where the crystals could then be recognized as foreign bodies and naturally removed from the body





References :

1-    Dermatology, 4th Edition
3-    Margulies, S. L., & Morris, A. (2015). Successful treatment of lipoatrophy with normal saline. JAAD case reports1(6), 415–417. doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.10.008



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